True, flash animations can be beautiful to look at, they are edgy, trendy and in general plain cool. Unfortunately, the search engines like Google or Yahoo cannot see any of it. It is not even that they may take too long to load and the search engine’s crawler doesn’t want to wait and leaves, though this too is already a good reason not to have them. It is that crawlers cannot read the movement or action at all. Search engines read text, that’s what they index in their catalogs, and that’s what they will look up when you go into Google and type, for example “Web Design in Miami“.
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7 Facts you must know before you hire a Web Designer |
by Roberto Espinoza
Providers of web design in Miami abound. With so many web design suppliers in town, the decision of which web designer to choose can be a daunting one. Fortunately for you, after reading this quick guide, you can ask your potential designer the right questions and feel confident that you are hiring the right person to build or revamp your website.
Flush the flash intros and entirely flash-based websites!
True, flash animations can be beautiful to look at, they are edgy, trendy and in general plain cool. Unfortunately, the search engines like Google or Yahoo cannot see any of it. It is not even that they may take too long to load and the search engine’s crawler doesn’t want to wait and leaves, though this too is already a good reason not to have them. It is that crawlers cannot read the movement or action at all. Search engines read text, that’s what they index in their catalogs, and that’s what they will look up when you go into Google and type, for example “Web Design in Miami“.
Are the pages web optimized?
Statistics show that users will wait only 4 seconds to begin to see a page loading when they first visit a website; and only 20 seconds for the entire page to have downloaded in the screen. Any longer than that and they will hit the back button in the browser and leave, probably for good. Make sure your web designer knows about this and thus will balance your site with light weight graphics and text.
Usability and Accessibility – Section 508 Accessibility Law
Research shows that users do not read websites, they skim them. Your visitors will look around feverishly for anything that is interesting or resembles what they’re looking for. A good web designer knows this, so she places important information strategically throughout the website, makes good use of conventions (i.e. anything clickable should be underlined), designs a user-friendly website with intuitive navigation. This is designing with usability in mind. Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, is a US law requiring the federal government to make all goods and services, including web sites fully accessible to people with disabilities. It identifies specific standards for Internet and Web accessibility. These guidelines encourage developers to make web sites accessible to desktop browsers, voice browsers (screen readers), mobile phone, and other software that aids the handicapped navigate the Internet.
Search Engine Optimization, SEO
Besides the issue of search engine visibility (covered above), good web design incorporates competitive and relevant keywords (what the users are typing into the search engines as “Web Design in Miami” in example above) within the text of the page, and ‘behind the scenes’, tucked away in what’s called the HTML Meta Tags, which are not usually visible to human eyes. The research and placement of the keywords are extremely important if you want your website to stand a chance before the search engines, and therefore, have your website make a positive impact in your business’ bottom line!
W3C Compliance
XHTML 1.1 Transitional Compliance: XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML recommended by W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). XHTML is the effective inheritor of HTML 4.01 and although it is almost identical to its predecessor it is aimed to replace it. W3C will not continue to develop HTML, future W3C work will be focusing on XHTML only. In light of this information, it is very important that your web designer codes (programs) your web site with the latest of standards in the industry.
Tableless CSS Markup
Web designers have traditionally relied heavily (or even exclusively) on the use of HTML tables to display their web designs on the Internet. However, tables present multiple issues on flexibility, interoperability, and most importantly accessibility. Tableless CSS markup is quickly becoming the standard in the web community, specially since it allows to separate content from the presentation (or design) of a website with enhanced control and flexibility; it demands less bandwidth usage; and it fully supports mobile and hand held devices. Since HTML table-based coding will sooner or later be phased out, it behooves you to check if your web designer will use the highly recommended tableless CSS markup when building your web site.
Browser Compatibility
Since the Internet has continued to grow at an exponential rate, so have the Internet Browser brands, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Netscape and Safari. While Internet Explorer remains the most popular, followed very closely by Firefox, there are well over a dozen different options out there that are being used by Internet visitors. Each of these browsers decodes the HTML, XHTML or CSS of your web site in slightly a different way. Sometimes the design will hardly be affected, yet other times the interpretation given to a particular piece of such code can drastically alter the overall design or composition of your site. Make sure your website will be compatible in at least the two most common browsers: Internet Explorer and Firefox.
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Design Process and Evaluation of your website |
by Roberto Espinoza
There are several usability-related issues, methods, and procedures that require careful consideration when designing and developing Web sites. The most important of these are presented in this chapter, including ’up-front’ issues such as setting clear and concise goals for a Web site, determining a correct and exhaustive set of user requirements, ensuring that the Web site meets user’s expectations, setting usability goals, and providing useful content.
To ensure the best possible outcome, designers should consider a full range of user-interface issues, and work to create a Web site that enables the best possible human performance. The current research suggests that the best way to begin the construction of a Web site is to have many different people propose design solutions (i.e., parallel design), and then to follow up using an iterative design approach. This requires conducting the appropriate usability tests and using the findings to make changes to the Web site.
Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines
Provide Useful Content
Comments: Content is the information provided on a Web site. Do not waste resources providing easy access and good usability to the wrong content. One study found that content is the most critical element of a Web site. Other studies have reported that content is more important than navigation, visual design, functionality, and interactivity.
Sources: Asher, 1980; Badre, 2002; Baldwin, Peleg-Bruckner and McClintock, 1985; Celsi and Olson, 1988; Evans, 1998; Levine, 1996; Nielsen and Tahir, 2002; Nielsen, 1997b; Nielsen, 2000; Rajani and Rosenberg, 1999; Sano, 1996; Sinha, et al., 2001; Spyridakis, 2000; Stevens, 1980.
Establish User Requirements
Comments: The greater the number of exchanges of information with potential users, the better the developers’ understanding of the users’ requirements. The more information that can be exchanged between developers and users, the higher the probability of having a successful Web site. These could include customer support lines, customer surveys and interviews, bulletin boards, sales people, user groups, trade show experiences, focus groups, etc. Successful projects require at least four (and average five) different sources of information. Do not rely too heavily on user intermediaries.
The information gathered from exchanges with users can be used to build ’use cases.’ Use cases describe the things that users want and need the Web site to be able to do. In one study, when compared with traditional function-oriented analyses, use cases provided a specification that produced better user performance and higher user preferences.
Sources: Adkisson, 2002; Brinck, Gergle and Wood, 2002; Buller, et al., 2001; Coble, Karat and Kahn, 1997; Keil and Carmel, 1995; Li and Henning, 2003; Norman, 1993; Osborn and Elliott, 2002; Ramey, 2000; Vora, 1998; Zimmerman, et al., 2002.
Understand and Meet User’s Expectations
Comments: One study found that users define ‘usability’ as their perception of how consistent, efficient, productive, organized, easy to use, intuitive, and straightforward it is to accomplish tasks within a system.
It is important for designers to develop an understanding of their users’ expectations through task analyses and other research. Users can have expectations based on their prior knowledge and past experience. One study found that users acted on their own expectations even when there were indications on the screen to counter those expectations.
The use of familiar formatting and navigation schemes makes it easier for users to learn and remember the layout of a site. It’s best to assume that a certain percentage of users will not use a Web site frequently enough to learn to use it efficiently. Therefore, using familiar conventions works best.
Sources: Carroll, 1990; Detweiler and Omanson, 1996; Lynch and Horton, 2002; McGee, Rich and Dumas, 2004; Spool, et al., 1997; Wilson, 2000.
For more information please visit our website at: http://www.cpccci.com and http://www.cpcwebsolutions.com
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Optimizing the User Experience in your website |
by Roberto Espinoza
Web sites should be designed to facilitate and encourage efficient and effective human-computer interactions. Designers should make every attempt to reduce the user’s workload by taking advantage of the computer’s capabilities. Users will make the best use of Web sites when information is displayed in a directly usable format and content organization is highly intuitive. Users also benefit from task sequences that are consistent with how they typically do their work, that do not require them to remember information for more than a few seconds, that have terminology that is readily understandable, and that do not overload them with information.
Users should not be required to wait for more than a few seconds for a page to load, and while waiting, users should be supplied with appropriate feedback. Users should be easily able to print information. Designers should never ‘push’ unsolicited windows or graphics to users.
Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines
Do Not Display Unsolicited Windows or Graphics
Guideline: Do not have unsolicited windows or graphics ‘pop-up’ to users.
Comments: Users have commented that unsolicited windows or graphics that ‘pop up’ are annoying and distracting when they are focusing on completing their original activity.
Sources: Ahmadi, 2000.
For more information please visit our website at: http://www.cpccci.com and http://www.cpcwebsolutions.com
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Web sites should be designed to ensure Accessibility |
by Roberto Espinoza
Web sites should be designed to ensure that everyone, including users who have difficulty seeing, hearing, and making precise movements, can use them. Generally, this means ensuring that Web sites facilitate the use of common assistive technologies. All United States Federal Government Web sites must comply with the Section 508 Federal Accessibility Standards.
With the exception of Guideline 2:7 and Guideline 9:6, all accessibility-related guidelines are found in this chapter. The sample of users who organized these guidelines assigned these two guidelines to other chapters. (See page xxv, Step 7 for more on how the guidelines were organized.)
Some of the major accessibility issues to be dealt with include: • Provide text equivalents for non-text elements; • Ensure that scripts allow accessibility; • Provide frame titles; • Enable users to skip repetitive navigation links; • Ensure that plug-ins and applets meet the requirements for accessibility; and
• Synchronize all multimedia elements.
Where it is not possible to ensure that all pages of a site are accessible, designers should provide equivalent information to ensure that all users have equal access to all information.
For more information on Section 508 and accessibility, see
www.section508.gov
Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines
Comply with Section 508
Relative Importance:
*
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Guideline: If a Web site is being designed for the United States government, ensure that it meets the requirements of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. Ideally, all Web sites should strive to be accessible and compliant with Section 508.
Comments: Section 508 requires Federal agencies to ensure that their procurement of information technology takes into account the needs of all users—including people with disabilities. About eight percent of the user population has a disability that may make the traditional use of a Web site very difficult or impossible. About four percent have vision-related disabilities, two percent have movement-related issues, one percent have hearing-related disabilities, and less than one percent have learning-related disabilities.
Compliance with Section 508 enables Federal employees with disabilities to have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to that provided to others. This also enhances the ability of members of the public with disabilities to access information or services from a Federal agency.
For additional information on Section 508 and accessibility:
• http://www.section508.gov
• http://www.w3.org/WAI/
Sources: GVU, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998; United States Government, 1998.
For more information please visit our website at: http://www.cpccci.com and http://www.cpcwebsolutions.com
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How to design an effective “Homepage” in your website |
by Patricia Espinoza
The homepage is different from all other Web site pages. A well-constructed homepage will project a good first impression to all who visit the site.
It is important to ensure that the homepage has all of the features expected of a homepage and looks like a homepage to users. A homepage should clearly communicate the site’s purpose, and show all major options available on the Web site. Generally, the majority of the homepage should be visible ’above the fold,’ and should contain a limited amount of prose text. Designers should provide easy access to the homepage from every page in the site.
Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines
Enable Access to the Homepage
Relative Importance:
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Guideline: Enable users to access the homepage from any other page on the Web site.
Comments: Many users return to the homepage to begin a new task or to start a task over again. Create an easy and obvious way for users to quickly return to the homepage of the Web site from any point in the site.
Many sites place the organization’s logo on the top of every page and link it to the homepage. While many users expect that a logo will be clickable, many other users will not realize that it is a link to the homepage. Therefore, include a link labeled ‘Home’ near the top of the page to help those users.
Sources: Bailey, 2000b; Detweiler and Omanson, 1996; IBM, 1999; Levine, 1996; Lynch and Horton, 2002; Nielsen and Tahir, 2002; Spool, et al., 1997; Tullis, 2001.
For more information please visit our website at: http://www.cpccci.com and http://www.cpcwebsolutions.com
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When designing you website please consider Hardware and Software |
by Patricia Espinoza
Designers are rarely free to do whatever comes to mind. Just as designers consider their users’ needs for specific information, they must also consider any constraints imposed on them by their users’ hardware, software, and speed of connection to the Internet. Today, a single operating system (Microsoft’s XP) dominates
personal computer market. Similarly, only two Web site browsers are favored by the vast majority of users. More than ninety percent of users have their monitors set to 1024×768, 800×600 or 1280×1024 pixel resolution. And while most users at work have high-speed Internet access, many home users still connect using dial-up.
Within the constraints of available time, money, and resources, it is usually impossible to design for all users. Therefore, identify the hardware and software used by your primary and secondary audiences and design to maximize the effectiveness of your Web site.
Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines
Design for Common Browsers
Relative Importance:
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Guideline: Design, develop and test for the most common browsers.
Comments: Designers should attempt to accommodate ninety-five percent of all users. Ensure that all testing of a Web site is done using the most popular browsers.
Sources of information about the most commonly used browsers:
• http://www.google.com/press/zeitgeist.html
• http://www.thecounter.com/stats/
Sources: Evans, 1998; Jupitermedia Corporation, 2003; Morrell, et al., 2002; Nielsen, 1996b.
Example:
Strength of Evidence:
Hardware and Software

This site, when rendered on a Macintosh, falls apart (right). The website should display properly on all platforms, as it does below when rendered on a PC.

See page xxii for detailed descriptions of the rating scales
Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines
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Account for Browser Differences
Relative Importance:
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Guideline: Do not assume that all users will have the same browser features, and will have set the same defaults.
Comments: Users with visual impairments tend to select larger fonts, and some users may turn off backgrounds, use fewer colors, or overrides font. The designer should find out what settings most users are using, and specify on the Web site exactly what assumptions were made about the browser settings.
Sources: Evans, 1998; Levine, 1996.
For more information please visit our website at: http://www.cpccci.com and http://www.cpcwebsolutions.com
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How to design the Homepage in your Website |
by Roberto Espinoza
The homepage is different from all other Web site pages. A well-constructed homepage will project a good first impression to all who visit the site.
It is important to ensure that the homepage has all of the features expected of a homepage and looks like a homepage to users. A homepage should clearly communicate the site’s purpose, and show all major options available on the Web site. Generally, the majority of the homepage should be visible ’above the fold,’ and should contain a limited amount of prose text. Designers should provide easy access to the homepage from every page in the site.
Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines
Enable Access to the Homepage
Relative Importance:
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Guideline: Enable users to access the homepage from any other page on the Web site.
Comments: Many users return to the homepage to begin a new task or to start a task over again. Create an easy and obvious way for users to quickly return to the homepage of the Web site from any point in the site.
Many sites place the organization’s logo on the top of every page and link it to the homepage. While many users expect that a logo will be clickable, many other users will not realize that it is a link to the homepage. Therefore, include a link labeled ‘Home’ near the top of the page to help those users.
Sources: Bailey, 2000b; Detweiler and Omanson, 1996; IBM, 1999; Levine, 1996; Lynch and Horton, 2002; Nielsen and Tahir, 2002; Spool, et al., 1997; Tullis, 2001.
For more information please visit our website at: http://www.cpccci.com and http://www.cpcwebsolutions.com
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Scrolling and Paging in your Website |
by sparky3887
Designers must decide, early in the design process, whether to create long pages that require extensive scrolling or shorter pages that will require users to move frequently from page to page (an activity referred to as paging). This decision will be based on considerations of the primary users and the type of tasks being performed. For example, older users tend to scroll more slowly than younger users; therefore, long scrolling pages may slow them down considerably. As another example, some tasks that require users to remember where information is located on a page may benefit from paging, while many reading tasks benefit from scrolling.
Generally, designers should ensure that users can move from page to page as efficiently as possible. If designers are unable to decide between paging and scrolling, it is usually better to provide several shorter pages rather than one or two longer pages. The findings of usability testing should help confirm or negate that decision.
When scrolling is used, a Web site should be designed to allow the fastest possible scrolling. Users only should have to scroll through a few screenfuls, and not lengthy pages. Designers should never require users to scroll horizontally.
Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines
For more information please visit our website at: http://www.cpccci.com and http://www.cpcwebsolutions.com

